SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Effects of exercise and physical activity on circulating inflammaging- and immunosenescence-related biomarkers in older adults and adults with chronic diseases: an umbrella review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence accompany ageing and chronic disease. Exercise and physical activity are proposed to modify circulating inflammatory biomarkers, but review-level evidence is dispersed across populations and conditions. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus through 1 March 2026 for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and overviews on exercise or physical activity and circulating inflammaging- or immunosenescence-related biomarkers in older adults and adults with chronic diseases. We reported the review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and PRIOR. Methodological quality was appraised with A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, version 2 (AMSTAR-2), primary-study overlap with the corrected covered area, and certainty with GRADE. We performed no Results: Twenty-one reviews were included: 14 core-eligible (full Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study design [PICOS] match, contributing to the primary synthesis and conclusions) and seven evidence-map-only (partial PICOS match, used only for mapping and background). Among core-eligible reviews reporting standardised mean differences, exercise was associated with small reductions in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; point estimates - 1.42 to - 0.05, two of five confidence intervals excluding the null) and C-reactive protein (CRP; - 0.65 to - 0.47, two of three excluding the null), whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) estimates were inconsistent (- 0.81 to + 0.09, two of five excluding the null). Heterogeneity was frequently high ( Conclusion: Exercise and physical activity may produce small reductions in some circulating inflammatory biomarkers, most consistently TNF-alpha and CRP, but effects on IL-6 are inconsistent, and certainty is very low. Effects on immunosenescence and cellular-senescence markers remain an evidence gap. This biomarker evidence alone is insufficient to justify prescribing exercise specifically to lower inflammatory biomarkers and does not alter broader physical-activity recommendations based on clinical and functional outcomes.
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