Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42871526›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

A hypoxia-responsive calixarene supramolecular system enables redox-regulated matrix remodeling for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Gan Luo, Houzhi Yang, Ze-Han Wang, Jianlin Cui, Qiong Tang, Yonggang Fan, Hong Yang, Yubin Long, Shanshan Li, Dong-Sheng Guo and 2 more

Abstract read
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Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Gan LuoDepartment of Orthopedics, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine &Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610016, China.
Houzhi YangTianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Ze-Han WangCollege of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Jianlin CuiSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Qiong TangDepartment of Respiratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, China.
Yonggang FanSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Hong YangSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
Yubin LongDepartment of Spinal Surgery, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, Hunan, 42200, China.
Shanshan LiSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Dong-Sheng GuoCollege of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Tianwei SunDepartment of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, China.
Xin JinSchool of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is characterized by progressive bone loss driven by excessive osteoclast activity, impaired osteogenesis, and maladaptive remodeling of the bone microenvironment. Although raloxifene (RLX) is clinically approved for PMOP, its therapeutic potential is constrained by limited bone selectivity and systemic adverse effects. Here, we report a hypoxia-responsive, bone-targeted supramolecular system (RLX@PnAC4A) that integrates site-selective drug delivery with redox regulation to enable coordinated matrix remodeling within the osteoporotic niche. PnAC4A was engineered through azobenzene functionalization and phosphonate modification, endowing the calixarene host with hypoxia-triggered reducibility, high-affinity bone targeting, and efficient RLX encapsulation. The resulting supramolecular assemblies exhibited stable host-guest interactions and selective drug release under hypoxic conditions. In vitro, RLX@PnAC4A preferentially restored intracellular redox homeostasis under hypoxic and inflammatory stress, enhanced osteogenic differentiation, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in a microenvironment-dependent manner. Following systemic administration in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, RLX@PnAC4A rapidly accumulated in bone tissue and significantly improved trabecular microarchitecture, bone formation dynamics, and structural integrity compared with free RLX. Transcriptomic profiling further revealed that OVX induced a broadly immune-activated disease program, whereas PnAC4A alone established an extracellular matrix-associated conditioning state. Importantly, RLX@PnAC4A activated a dominant, therapy-specific transcriptional module enriched in extracellular matrix remodeling and pro-regenerative signaling, accompanied by directional rescue of key disease-associated nodes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that RLX@PnAC4A functions as an active supramolecular regulator, exerting therapeutic efficacy through a hierarchically organized transcriptional architecture that couples bone targeting, redox modulation, and osteoblast-osteoclast coordination. This hypoxia -responsive calixarene platform establishes a mechanistically grounded strategy for precision intervention in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Indexed as

Bone microenvironmentCalixareneHypoxia-responsive regulationMatrix remodelingSupramolecular system

Identifiers

PMID42871526
PMCPMC13659505

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