ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the preventive effects of Methods: The protective effects of PBE were evaluated in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis rat model by assessing histological changes, TRAP-positive osteoclast presence, and alveolar bone loss. Network pharmacology, protein-protein interaction network analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking were performed to predict the potential targets and mechanisms of PBE. The anti-inflammatory effects of PBE were further investigated in RAW264.7 macrophages and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). Inflammatory mediators, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling-related proteins were analyzed. Major constituents of PBE were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS, and their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated Results: PBE attenuated periodontal tissue destruction in LPS-induced periodontitis rats, as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased CEJ-ABC distance, and suppression of TRAP-positive osteoclast presence. Network pharmacology analysis identified the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a key target associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of PBE. In RAW264.7 macrophages, PBE significantly reduced the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. In PDLFs, PBE suppressed IL-1β-induced production of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-1β and downregulated the expression of MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-13. Furthermore, PBE inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65. Chemical profiling identified chlorogenic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, and luteolin 3'-O-glucuronide as major constituents. Among these, flavonoid glucuronides exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory activities than chlorogenic acid Conclusion: The present findings indicate that PBE exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects in experimental models of periodontitis. The observed effects were associated with suppression of PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling. In addition, flavonoid glucuronides identified in PBE exhibited anti-inflammatory activities
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