Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42870089›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2027

Protocol for AFM Nanoindentation of Viruses and Protein Cages.

Martijn Middelkamp, Wouter H Roos

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Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2027. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Martijn MiddelkampMoleculaire Biofysica, Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wouter H RoosMoleculaire Biofysica, Zernike instituut, Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen, The Netherlands. w.h.roos@rug.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein-based nanocompartments are ubiquitous in nature. They include both viruses as well as protein cages from non-viral origin. To broaden our knowledge on viruses and non-viral protein nanoshells, a profound insight into their mechanical properties is required. Nanoindentation measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM) are increasingly being performed to probe such material properties. This single-particle approach allows for determining the shell's spring constant, their Young's modulus, as well as the force and deformation at which failure occurs. The experimental procedures for nanoshell mechanical characterization are described here in detail, focusing on surface preparation, AFM imaging, and nanoindentation and the subsequent data analysis of the force-distance curves. Whereas AFM can be operated in air and in liquid, the described methods are for probing single viruses and nanocages in liquid to enable working in a physiologically relevant environment.

Indexed as

Microscopy, Atomic ForceNanotechnologyViral ProteinsVirusesCapsidElastic ModulusViral ProteinsAtomic force microscopyBacteriophageBiophysicsCapsidForce spectroscopyMaterials scienceMechanical propertiesNanoindentationNanoshell structureProtein cageVirus

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.