Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42870042›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2026

In vivo engineering of CAR natural killer cells for immunotherapy using ligand-directed lipid nanoparticles.

Yuang Chen, Julia Monkovic, Haseeb Mughal, Binlong Chen, Elina Thadhani, Patrick McMullen, Ava Self, Yuxuan Chen, Yizong Hu, Samuel Detmer and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Yuang Chen *David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-3948
Julia Monkovic *David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Haseeb Mughal *David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Binlong ChenDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-2522
Elina ThadhaniDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Patrick McMullenDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ava SelfDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Yuxuan ChenDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Yizong HuDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Samuel DetmerDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Min ChenDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Anna LaptevaDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ria KamatDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ashley VernonDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Robert LangerDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492
Daniel G AndersonDavid H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. dgander@mit.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-4798

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer a nonviral approach for in vivo cell engineering but efficient programming of natural killer (NK) cells remains underexplored. Here we develop NK cell-targeted LNPs (NtLNPs) using engineered biparatopic NK cell ligands to drive receptor-specific uptake and mRNA delivery. Lead NtLNPs achieve up to ~80% NK cell transfection with minimal off-target effects in mice. Systemic delivery of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) mRNA using NtLNPs generates CAR NK cells in vivo. CD19-targeted CAR NKs completely deplete circulating B cells in healthy mice and CD3-targeted CAR NKs eliminate nearly all autoreactive T cells in an autoimmune hepatitis model, highlighting a potential advantage over CAR T therapies for T cell-driven disease. In solid tumors, NtLNPs targeting the inhibitory checkpoint NKG2A enhance antitumor efficacy by relieving Qa-1

Identifiers

PMID42870042

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.