Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42867611›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2026

Regional oxygen extraction fraction is higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity: associations with cognition and metabolic markers.

Mohamad N Elsharydah, Yousif Al-Khoury, Sharvinee Ragunatha Rao, Jeff Schaffert, Anujit Saha, Jack Kaufman, Ali Rezaei, Jennine Leary, Alison Jin, Jaime P Almandoz and 2 more

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Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mohamad N ElsharydahAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Yousif Al-KhouryDepartment of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Sharvinee Ragunatha RaoAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jeff SchaffertDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Anujit SahaAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jack KaufmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Ali RezaeiDepartment of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Jennine LearyAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Alison JinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Jaime P AlmandozDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Claudine J GauthierDepartment of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Binu P ThomasAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. Binu.Thomas@utsouthwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-3251

Funding

UT Southwestern NORCP30DK127984 · NIDDK · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI Jeff G McDonald · 2022 to 2026
$7.4M
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas RR180056NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK127984
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are highly prevalent among older adults and associated with increased Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk, but underlying mechanisms linking T2D and obesity to cognitive impairment remain partially understood. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)-derived oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) provides a noninvasive MRI-based marker of cerebral metabolism and may capture early alterations in brain physiology. In this single-center, cross-sectional pilot study, we examined QSM-derived OEF in older adults with T2D + obesity (N = 14) and age- and sex-matched controls (N = 18) and evaluated associations with blood markers and cognitive performance. Whole-brain OEF was higher in participants with T2D + obesity (29.5% vs 27.3%; p = 0.019), with higher OEF observed across all examined lobar regions (p < 0.05). The T2D + obesity group demonstrated lower Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Attention (p = 0.035) and Global Cognition (p = 0.022) indices and lower Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word Switching (p = 0.001) scores. Whole-brain OEF was positively associated with leptin (p = 0.018) and negatively associated with HDL (p = 0.030). Higher regional OEF significantly correlated with lower cognitive performance, particularly D-KEFS (r = -0.40 to -0.62) and RBANS Attention (r = -0.36 to -0.41). This is the first study to support a potential link between altered cerebral oxygen extraction, metabolic dysfunction, and cognitive performance in older adults with T2D and obesity. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and determine their relevance to cognitive decline and ADRD risk.

Indexed as

ADRDAdvanced MRIAgingBiomarkerBrain physiologyCerebrovascularCognitionObesityOlder adultsPreclinical markerQuantitative imagingType 2 diabetesVascular dementiaVCID

Identifiers

PMID42867611

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.