ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2026
The Efficiency-Hemocompatibility Paradox: A Comparative Lagrangian and Eulerian Analysis of Micro-axial p-LVAD Architectures.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPercutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Devices (p-LVADs) require a delicate balance between hydraulic efficiency and hemocompatibility. While Eulerian turbulence models offer computational speed, their reliability in predicting mechanical blood damage in complex micro-axial geometries compared to established Lagrangian frameworks remains poorly understood.
methodsWe employed computational fluid dynamics to evaluate four p-LVAD configurations across 20 operating conditions. Models 1-3 utilized a discharge-type architecture, while Model 4 utilized a suction-type configuration with an expanding hub. Hemocompatibility was assessed using two Eulerian turbulence-based indices (HI
resultsA critical design paradox was identified in the suction-type pump: while the expanding hub improved hydraulic efficiency by preventing flow separation, it created a high-velocity bottleneck that significantly elevated bulk shear. Consequently, higher hydraulic efficiency in suction designs was associated with increased Lagrangian blood damage. Eulerian indices functioned primarily as "RPM trackers," showing a near-perfect correlation with the Womersley number (R > 0.94) but failing to capture geometry-induced stress peaks. In contrast, Lagrangian metrics provided a sensitive, multivariate assessment of mechanical loading.
conclusionEulerian models are insufficient for evaluating micro-axial pumps where bulk shear is the dominant damage mechanism. Lagrangian particle tracking (median SA and t
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