ArticleCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2026
The Prognostic Role of Vimentin Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with the poorest prognosis and aggressive biological behavior. In Indonesia, approximately 15%-25% of breast cancer cases fall into the TNBC category. One of the biological markers involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and tumor progression of TNBC is vimentin. Positive vimentin expression has been reported to correlate with reduced survival; however, data in the Indonesian population remain limited.
methodsThis retrospective study included 29 TNBC patients who received treatment at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital between 2017 and 2022, with a 3-year follow-up period. Clinicopathological data and vimentin expression were analyzed using bivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
resultsMost patients were aged ≥ 40 years (82.8%), had a normal body mass index (82.8%), presented with locally advanced disease (72.4%), high histopathological grade (62.1%), and high Ki-67 expression (72.4%). A significant association was observed between vimentin expression and overall survival (p = 0.019), where increased vimentin expression was associated with reduced survival (mean survival 30.42 months in the negative group vs. 20.86 months in the positive group). Vimentin expression was also significantly associated with Ki-67 expression (p = 0.045), indicating a link between cellular proliferation and activation of EMT. Further analysis in patients with TNBC demonstrated that positive vimentin expression significantly increased the risk of mortality (p = 0.015; HR 5.64; 95% CI 1.39-22.7), while inadequate treatment was also associated with poorer overall survival (p = 0.011; HR 4.05; 95% CI 1.37-11.9).
conclusionVimentin expression is significantly associated with reduced overall survival in patients with TNBC and correlates with high Ki-67 expression, reflecting tumor aggressiveness and activation of EMT. Inadequate treatment also contributes to poorer survival outcomes. These findings highlight the potential role of vimentin as a prognostic molecular marker in TNBC within the Indonesian population.
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