ReviewiScience2026
Host-response biomarker panels for distinguishing selected acute respiratory viral-bacterial co-infections from mono-infections.
Review in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute respiratory viral-bacterial co-infections complicate antimicrobial decisions because pathogen detection may not establish whether both organisms are clinically contributing to disease. We synthesized evidence from adult and pediatric acute respiratory infection cohorts, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and selected mixed-detection febrile illness studies, to evaluate host-response biomarkers for distinguishing co-infection from mono-infection. Conventional C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were most useful as supportive or rule-out markers of bacterial involvement, but lacked sufficient specificity when used alone. Dual-axis strategies that combine antiviral and bacterial-response signals, including MxA/CRP, TRAIL/IP-10/CRP, CD169/CD64, IFI44L/FAM89A, and targeted transcriptomic or proteomic signatures, provided more biologically coherent discrimination of mixed infection states. These findings support prospective validation of integrated host-response panels as rapid decision-support tools for antimicrobial stewardship and clinically meaningful co-infection diagnosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.