ArticleiScience2026
Baseline techno-economic and life cycle assessment of black mass production.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recycling lithium-ion batteries hinges on economically producing black mass-the electrode powder concentrate that feeds downstream metal recovery-yet public baselines pairing real process economics with environmental impacts remain scarce. Here we show that a purely mechanical flowsheet-shredding, zigzag air classification, and circular screen vibration-applied identically to two structurally distinct feedstocks recovers black mass at 93.28 wt % separation efficiency from electric-vehicle modules and 75.77 wt % from mobile phone cells. Built on measured pilot data, loaded processing costs of $0.31-0.73/kg yield net profits of $4.39-5.53/kg under realistic feedstock purchase prices, with a probability of unprofitability below 0.2% across simulated market scenarios. Life cycle assessment attributes most impacts to grid electricity, with a global warming potential of 0.210-0.241 kg CO
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.