Long-term CT and US imaging of canine prostatic carcinoma after prostatic artery embolization: a 900-day follow-up case report.

Canine prostatic carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited long-term treatment options. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, but long-term intraprostatic imaging changes after PAE in dogs remain poorly documented. We performed PAE on a 13-year-old neutered male Chihuahua with prostatic carcinoma. Designating PAE as Day 0, we monitored the prostate, bladder, and lungs with computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and thoracic radiography for approximately 900 days. Clinical signs remained well controlled; the dog survived until Day 918. CT showed intraprostatic hypoattenuating lesions (Day 33) that enlarged with gas accumulation (Day 173); US showed hypoechoic lesions (Day 271) that became scattered hyperechoic foci (Day 678). Following PAE, the prostatic parenchymal volume decreased by approximately 33% and remained stable until Day 481. No serious PAE-related complications were observed. These findings suggest that PAE induced sustained ischemic, cavitary, and chronic remodeling changes within the prostate, which may have contributed to the prolonged local disease control observed in this dog. To our knowledge, this represents the longest time-course imaging reported after PAE in a dog with prostatic carcinoma and illustrates the potential of PAE as a feasible, minimally invasive treatment option in general veterinary practice.