ArticleVeterinary and animal science2026
Long-term dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation on growth, immune response, and antioxidant status in juvenile stellate sturgeon (
Article in Veterinary and animal science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on growth performance, immune responses, and antioxidant status in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). A total of 120 juvenile sturgeons (121.02 ± 5.91 g) were randomly distributed into four groups, each with three replicates, including a control diet without PQQ and three experimental diets supplemented with 1.5, 3, and 4.5 mg/kg PQQ for 86 days. Following the feeding trial, growth performance was evaluated, and immune markers in both serum and mucus were analyzed, along with serum antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that the diet containing 3 and 4.5 mg/kg PQQ significantly improved growth parameters compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Immune indicators, particularly serum and mucus lysozyme activity (in serum of all groups and mucus of group 3 mg/kg) and total immunoglobulin (3 and 4.5 mg/kg) levels, were significantly enhanced in PQQ-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). ACH50 activity was significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). A significant increase in soluble mucus protein was observed at 3 and 4.5 mg/kg compared to the control group. Furthermore, PQQ supplementation markedly improved SOD activity across all doses, increased CAT activity at 3 and 4.5 mg/kg, and modulated GPx activity at 1.5 and 3 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that dietary PQQ effectively enhances immune function and growth, leading to improved health and production in juvenile stellate sturgeon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.