ArticleIJTLD open2026
Asymptomatic and symptomatic recurrence of TB among cured pulmonary TB patients.
Article in IJTLD open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAsymptomatic pulmonary TB (PTB), including asymptomatic recurrence, has emerged as a potential contributor to TB transmission.
methodsParticipants ≥14 years old from two Indian cohorts with culture-confirmed, drug-sensitive PTB and an outcome of cure were followed up for up to 18 months post treatment completion. We calculated the cumulative incidence and timing of symptomatic TB recurrence and the prevalence of asymptomatic recurrence at two screening time points, and performed Cox-regression analysis.
resultsOf 713 culture-confirmed PTB and cure, 60 (8%) experienced confirmed TB recurrence (cumulative incidence: 8.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6-11.2]/100 person-years), including 40 (66.7%) symptomatic and 20 (33.3%) asymptomatic recurrences. At study visits with scheduled sputum testing, 22 of 35 (63%) TB recurrences diagnosed were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Undernutrition was an independent risk factor for overall TB recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.0,
conclusionsAmong cured PTB patients, 8.4% experienced recurrent TB and one third of recurrences were asymptomatic at diagnosis, highlighting a public health concern due to substantial hidden burden of recurrent TB disease in India.
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