ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Hydrogeological compartmentalization outweighs hydrochemistry in structuring microbial communities across contrasting subsurface habitats.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Deep groundwater ecosystems are energy-limited microbial habitats in which hydrochemical conditions, hydrogeological structure, and habitat isolation jointly influence community assembly. However, the relative importance of environmental filtering and hydrogeological compartmentalization in structuring subsurface microbial communities remains poorly understood. We characterized hydrochemistry, bacterial communities, and archaeal signatures across two contrasting groundwater systems in Québec, Canada: a shallow permeable groundwater system at pointe-du-lac (PDL) and deep fractured formation waters (1,460-1,690 m) at saint-Flavien (SF). Hydrochemical analyses, bacterial and archaeal amplicon sequencing, occupancy-based approaches, and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate patterns of community composition, persistence, and environmental association. The two groundwater systems differed markedly in hydrochemical composition, with PDL enriched in major ions and SF characterized by elevated trace element concentrations. Despite these differences, bacterial communities were structured primarily at the scale of individual wells rather than by groundwater system. Well identity explained a substantially larger fraction of community variation than hydrochemistry, indicating strong hydrogeological compartmentalization. PDL supported a larger recurrent bacterial component, stronger taxon-environment relationships, and repeated methanogen-associated archaeal signatures, whereas SF contained a smaller persistent community fraction and a greater contribution from localized taxa. Across both systems,
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