ReviewNanoscale advances2026
Terahertz liquid networks: a mesoscopic passive architecture for circumventing physical deadlocks in brain-computer interfaces.
Review in Nanoscale advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for major neurological disorders face physical and physiological limitations. Mechanical mismatch in rigid microelectrode arrays precipitates chronic immune rejection and irreversible central nervous system damage, whereas bandwidth scaling in traditional wireless links inevitably breaches the 1 °C tissue thermal safety threshold. To circumvent this deadlock among bandwidth, heat dissipation, and biocompatibility, this review proposes the "terahertz liquid network" architecture. Utilizing injectable plasmonic nanoparticles as free-floating relay nodes, this architecture fundamentally abolishes the mechanical shear stresses characteristic of conventional implant interfaces. Exploiting broadband and dielectric properties of terahertz (THz) waves, the network achieves cross-scale bioelectronic integration across both physical and physiological boundaries. For communication and decoding, the system bypasses the strong THz absorption barrier of brain tissue
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