ReviewClinical kidney journal2026
Nutrition and Green Nephrology-not only for health but also for compensation: the water footprint and its hamburger equivalent.
Review in Clinical kidney journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nutrition is recognized as a cornerstone of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevention and management, while healthcare sustainability has become a major priority in nephrology. These two challenges converge because dietary choices influence both kidney health and the environmental footprint of care. In this narrative review, enriched by the perspectives of patients who experienced CKD, dialysis, and kidney transplantation, we discuss how nutritional interventions can simultaneously improve clinical outcomes and reduce the carbon and water footprint associated with kidney care. We summarize current evidence supporting healthy plant-dominant dietary patterns across the CKD continuum, from disease prevention to conservative management, dialysis and transplantation. We highlight the emerging shift from nutrient restriction toward food quality, emphasizing minimally processed plant-based foods, moderation of animal protein intake and individualized nutritional counseling. The review also discusses the evolving evidence challenging traditional dietary paradigms in advanced CKD and dialysis, particularly regarding protein, potassium and phosphate management. To illustrate the environmental implications of nutritional choices, we introduce the concept of the "hamburger equivalent," comparing the annual water footprint of hemodiafiltration with that required for beef production. Rather than promoting guilt or restricting the choice of effective kidney replacement therapies, this concept illustrates how healthier dietary habits may help offset part of the unavoidable environmental burden of kidney care. Throughout the CKD journey, personalized nutritional counseling that respects patients' cultural preferences and values may improve adherence, quality of life and clinical outcomes while contributing to planetary health. Integrating sustainable nutrition into routine nephrology practice therefore represents an opportunity to align high-quality patient care with environmental stewardship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.