ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
Mesenchymal stromal cells in age-related neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms, translational barriers, and precision strategies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ageing remodels the neuroimmune, metabolic, and vascular environment in ways that accelerate neuronal vulnerability and constrain tissue repair. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are therefore attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders because their effects extend beyond cell replacement to coordinated paracrine, immunomodulatory, trophic, and vascular regulation. This critical review evaluates the biological rationale, disease-specific evidence, translational limitations, and precision-development strategies for MSC-based interventions in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, and vascular dementia, whilst using selected rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorders as exploratory boundary cases. Current evidence supports three interconnected modes of action: reprogramming maladaptive neuroimmune responses; preserving neuronal homeostasis through trophic support, mitochondrial rescue, and proteostasis regulation; and restoring the neurovascular unit and blood-brain barrier. However, reproducible clinical efficacy remains limited by variation in tissue source, donor age, manufacturing, potency, dose, route, and outcome selection, as well as poor central nervous system exposure and inadequate patient stratification. Ageing-related changes in both the recipient microenvironment and the cellular product further complicate translation. Future development should replace empirical cell administration with mechanism-defined products, validated potency assays, quantitative biodistribution, biomarker-guided enrolment, engineered cells or vesicles, rational combinations, and trials using disease-modifying endpoints. MSC-based therapies are best positioned not as universal regenerative agents, but as mechanism-defined, biomarker-matched products-potentially engineered at the cell or EV level-that regulate biologically active and potentially reversible disease states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.