ReviewFrontiers in oncology2026
Tumor-associated macrophages beyond M1/M2 in NSCLC: spatially organized programs, therapy resistance, and translational targeting.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant and functionally diverse components of the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) and are associated with therapeutic response and resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies remain limited, with TAM-associated immune evasion and therapy-refractory microenvironments representing potentially relevant components of this resistance landscape. This narrative review prioritizes evidence from human NSCLC specimens and clinically annotated cohorts, especially from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics, while integrating relevant mechanistic evidence from NSCLC experimental systems, animal models, and related cancer contexts. Moving beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, we synthesize convergent findings to describe recurring, niche-resolved TAM programs. Across NSCLC, we highlight recurrent
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