ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Thymic CT attenuation score in SAPHO syndrome: a comparative study with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and healthy controls.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: SAPHO syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory/autoimmune overlap disorder whose thymic imaging characteristics remain unexplored. This study evaluated thymic CT attenuation scores in patients with SAPHO syndrome compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and healthy controls (HC). Methods: This retrospective study included 180 patients with SAPHO syndrome, 60 with RA, 60 with AS, and 180 HC, all aged ≥30 years. Thymic attenuation was assessed using a 4-point scale (0-3) and CT attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU). Higher attenuation was defined as score ≥2. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age (<45 vs ≥45 years). Results: The prevalence of higher thymic attenuation differed significantly among the four groups (P<0.001), with proportions of 31.1% in SAPHO, 25.0% in RA, 8.3% in AS, and 10.6% in HC. Conclusion: Thymic CT attenuation was higher in SAPHO and RA, particularly among women aged <45 years, whereas AS showed findings similar to HC. Increased thymic attenuation may represent a potential imaging phenotype associated with SAPHO syndrome and RA. Further longitudinal and pathological studies are needed to clarify its biological significance.
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