ReviewCardiac failure review2026
The Expanding Role of Carbohydrate Antigen 125 in Heart Failure: From Tumour Marker to a Cornerstone of Heart Failure Management. An Updated Narrative Review.
Review in Cardiac failure review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congestion is central to heart failure (HF) but remains difficult to quantify. Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), also known as mucin 16, released by mesothelial cells, captures two pathways relevant to HF: fluid overload and inflammation. This narrative review summarises biological mechanisms and clinical applications. Across acute and chronic settings, CA125 tracks systemic and right-sided congestion, complements natriuretic peptides and shows lower dependence on renal function. Higher levels identify patients at risk for death and readmission; in ambulatory HF with reduced ejection fraction it predicts events, while in HF with preserved ejection fraction its signal is strongest in congestion-dominant phenotypes. Serial testing mirrors decongestion and clinical course; CA125-guided care has reduced rehospitalisations and improved renal function measures in selected populations. Advantages, wide availability, standardisation and low cost, support use in practice. Key gaps include phenotype-specific threshold, sampling interval and integration into actionable algorithms. Overall, CA125 has moved from tumour marker to practical tool that refines congestion assessment, improves risk stratification and informs individualised therapy in contemporary HF care.
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