ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Circulating angiogenic T cells as potential immune-vascular biomarkers associated with disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with persistent systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Angiogenic T cells (Tang cells), defined as CD3 Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from patients with axSpA stratified by disease activity and from healthy controls. Circulating Tang cells and their phenotypic subsets were quantified using flow cytometry. Clinical characteristics, disease activity indices (ASDAS and BASDAI), inflammatory markers, and immunometabolic parameters were collected. Correlation analyses, multivariable logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the clinical significance of Tang cells in relation to axSpA disease activity. Results: Tang cell frequency and absolute count were significantly decreased in active axSpA (median 16.40% [11.97%-25.65%]; 195.82 [135.07-322.53] cells/µL) compared with stable axSpA (32.11% [24.62%-42.33%]; 442.89 [306.48-633.02]) and healthy controls (32.23% [26.57%-43.87%]; 437.95 [293.73-507.95]) (all Conclusions: Circulating angiogenic T cells are inversely associated with disease activity in axSpA and represent a novel immune-vascular biomarker that is not redundant with traditional inflammatory parameters. These findings provide a clinical immunophenotypic framework highlighting altered vascular repair-immune interactions in axSpA and support further functional studies to clarify the functional role of Tang cells in disease pathogenesis.
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