Nanoprobe-Enabled Precision Imaging and Panoramic Boundary Delineation in Retinoblastoma.

Xuefei He, Precious Amarachi Ikwuagwu, Wenjing Pang, Aomen Chen, Lingchao Xiang, Feng Chen, Chen Xu, Aiguo Wu

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Cancer innovation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xuefei HeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Ningbo China.

Precious Amarachi IkwuagwuNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.

Wenjing PangNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.

Aomen ChenNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.

Lingchao XiangNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.

Feng ChenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Ningbo China.

Chen XuNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-3826

Aiguo WuNingbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials at Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Its prognosis depends critically on accurate delineation of the tumor and its margins, early detection of small lesions, and timely monitoring of therapeutic response. Traditional single-modality imaging techniques are inherently constrained by trade-offs among spatial resolution, molecular sensitivity, and dynamic imaging capability, making them insufficient for the demands of precision diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, nanomedicine-based imaging strategies have emerged as promising approaches to overcome these limitations. Through rational design of nanoprobes with tunable physicochemical properties, active targeting capabilities, and integrated multimodal signaling, researchers have achieved more comprehensive visualization and diagnostic evaluation of retinoblastoma lesions. In this review, we systematically summarize the major imaging modalities applied to retinoblastoma, including optical imaging, ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Subsequently, the corresponding imaging probes and targeting strategies were discussed, which were developed to enhance the imaging contrast and improve the spatiotemporal resolution of tumor visualization. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the rational design of high-performance imaging nanoprobes and in multimodal image analysis, emphasizing its potential to enable quantitative tumor and boundary delineation. Finally, we outline the key challenges that must be addressed to advance the clinical translation of nanoprobes, including the identification of novel targeting strategies, AI-assisted image analysis, the development of models that more accurately recapitulate the human ocular microenvironment, and the application of new biocompatible materials. Overall, this review aims to provide comprehensive and insightful guidance for the development of next-generation nanoprobes for the precise visualization and boundary delineation of retinoblastoma.

Indexed as

multimodal imagingnanoprobesprecision diagnosisretinoblastomastructural and functional boundary

Identifiers

PMID42865696

DOI10.1002/cai2.70083

PMCPMC13655653

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.