Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42865660›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026

3D-printed porous titanium versus PEEK interbody cages in lumbar fusion: biomechanical rationale, clinical evidence, and emerging indications.

Dongfang Yang, Yutong Hu, Hao Fu, Mingyang Zhu, Haibin Zhang, Mei Li

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Dongfang Yang *Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China.
Yutong Hu *Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Hao FuDepartment of Orthopedics, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China.
Mingyang ZhuDepartment of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China.
Haibin ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Mei LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital), Dalian, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lumbar interbody fusion is a cornerstone treatment for degenerative spinal conditions. PEEK cages offer an elastic modulus approximating cancellous bone and radiolucency, yet their bioinert surface can result in fibrous encapsulation rather than direct bone apposition. 3D-printed porous titanium (3D-pTi) cages address these limitations through an engineered porous architecture that reduces effective stiffness to near-cancellous bone levels while enabling bone ingrowth throughout the implant volume. This narrative review synthesizes evidence spanning

Indexed as

3D printingbiomechanicslumbar interbody fusionosseointegrationpolyetheretherketone (PEEK)porous titaniumrevisionsubsidence

Identifiers

PMID42865660
PMCPMC13655540

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.