ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
A methodological approach to improve extracellular staphylococcal clearance in internalization assays using bone-associated host-cell models of orthopedic infections.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Orthopedic implant-related infections are a major cause of prosthesis failure and are associated with biofilm formation, antimicrobial tolerance, and bacterial persistence. Bacterial internalization into bone-associated host cells may also contribute to chronic or recurrent infection. However, non-standardized extracellular bacterial clearance, multiplicity-of-infection definition, and data normalization limit assay interpretation and comparability. This study aimed to establish a stepwise protocol with a structured strategy to obtain the extracellular staphylococcal clearance allowing for the unbiased quantification of host-cell internalized bacteria through identification and prevention of major methodological pitfalls. Cell-associated bacteria from host-cell lysates were a secondary endpoint. Methicillin-resistant
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