[Recent advances in porous materials based silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography].

Recent years have seen significant progress in nanoscience and materials chemistry， driving the development of novel porous materials such as metal organic frameworks （MOFs）， covalent organic frameworks （COFs）， and porous organic cages （POCs）. MOFs form through coordination bonds between metal ions and organic bridging ligands， COFs result from strong covalent linkages connecting predesigned organic building blocks into extended crystalline networks， and POCs are three-dimensional cage-like organic molecules with well-defined intrinsic cavities. Nowadays， the use of porous materials as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） continues to draw sustained research interest. By precisely designing the building blocks of porous materials， researchers can flexibly modulate separation selectivity in terms of pore size， pore morphology， and interlayer stacking patterns， thus enabling the efficient separation of complex samples， particularly for positional isomers and chiral compounds. Despite their considerable promise for chromatographic applications， the direct use of porous materials as stationary phases is constrained by inherent limitations. A primary challenge lies in synthesizing pure porous materials with both regular morphology and uniform particle size. Irregular particle shapes combined with broad size distributions typically result in high column pressure and low column efficiency， which severely restricts the practical application of porous materials in HPLC. To overcome these limitations， combining porous materials with silica gel （SiO