Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42864977›Full record

ArticlePhysiological reports2026

Elevated fasting glucose and triglycerides in combined oral contraceptive users compared to naturally cycling females.

Claire Karaguesian, Jennifer S Williams, Maureen J MacDonald, Kirsten E Bell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Claire KaraguesianDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Jennifer S WilliamsDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-7662
Maureen J MacDonaldDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-3610
Kirsten E BellDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-300X

Funding

Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) CGSD3-534327-2019Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PG-PIN-2019 05413McMaster University (Mac)Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on metabolism and body composition remain unclear. This study aimed to compare fasting glucose and lipid metabolism between naturally cycling (NAT) females, second-(OCP2), and third-generation (OCP3) OCP users during low-(LH) and high-hormone (HH) phases. Forty-nine healthy females (age: 21 ± 2 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 3.8 kg/m

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseContraceptives, Oral, CombinedFastingMenstrual CycleTriglyceridesAdultBody CompositionFemaleHumansInsulinYoung AdultBlood GlucoseContraceptives, Oral, CombinedInsulinTriglyceridesbody compositionfemaleshormonesinsulin resistancelean mass

Identifiers

PMID42864977
PMCPMC13659045

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.