Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42864817›Full record

ArticleDiabetes technology & therapeutics2026

Pediatric Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Development and Implementation of a Hospital Policy for Accuracy-Validated Insulin Dosing.

Ming Yeh Lee, Hector I Ortega, Christopher Chow-Parmer, Karen Belanger, Sheridan Jones, Victor Ritter, Whitney Chadwick, Julie J Lee, Kailee Kingston, Cristal Suarez and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ming Yeh LeeDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8681-9073
Hector I OrtegaDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Christopher Chow-ParmerDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Karen BelangerCenter for Professional Excellence and Inquiry, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA.
Sheridan JonesDigital Information Solutions, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA.
Victor RitterDivision of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Whitney ChadwickDigital Information Solutions, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Stanford, California, USA.
Julie J LeeDivision of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Kailee KingstonDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Cristal SuarezDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Mark McGovernDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
David M MaahsDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Priya PrahaladDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sejal ShahDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Rayhan LalDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Michael S HughesDivision of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3729-0350

Funding

Training Research Leaders in Type 1 DiabetesK12DK122550 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MAAHS, DAVID MATTHEW · 2019 to 2023
$2.1M
In-hospital use of Automated Insulin Delivery (AID): Current state and future potentialK23DK138267 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Michael Samuel Hughes · 2024 to 2026
$549k
NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK122550NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK138267
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe assessed the safety, clinical accuracy, glycemic outcomes, user outcomes, and implementation of a pediatric hospital-wide continuous glucose monitor (CGM) policy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe used the Model for Improvement to develop a pediatric hospital policy supporting CGM-based insulin dosing with accuracy validation using capillary finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) and then retrospectively evaluated the program's clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes with the Simplified Implementation Logic Model to connect contextual determinants, support strategies, and outcomes.

resultsFrom September 2024 to October 2025, 60 people with diabetes used the CGM policy in 93 hospital encounters, including 46.7% (28/60) people with type 1 diabetes and 38.7% (36/93) encounters with automated insulin delivery use. The most used CGMs were Dexcom G7 (49.5%) and Abbott Libre 3 or 3 Plus (31.2%). Accuracy validation using the %20/20 criteria was successful in 81.5% of attempts, and the mean absolute relative difference was 12.6%, with 1207 paired CGM and reference FSBG values. Nurses responded appropriately after 97.8% (218/223) of failed CGM validation attempts. CGM time in range (70-180 mg/dL) was 54.8%, and time in level 2 hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL) was 0.8% for the 58 out of 93 encounters with complete CGM data downloads. Nurses preferred using CGM with policy support instead of FSBG for insulin dosing (adjusted

conclusionsWe translated an inpatient CGM policy from an adult to pediatric hospital setting, supporting high levels of protocol adherence, clinical accuracy, safety, and improved experiences for clinicians. Program evaluation informs connections between contextual determinants, support strategies, and outcomes of implementing a hospital CGM program. These data offer a roadmap for implementing pediatric hospital CGM at other centers.

Indexed as

CGMimplementation evaluationinpatientpediatric diabetespolicy

Identifiers

PMID42864817
PMCPMC13724111

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.