ArticleSurgical endoscopy2026
Effects of immersive virtual reality and non-immersive video distraction on preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery: a three-arm randomised controlled trial.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05718661 (The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety in Abdominal Surgery Patients), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety in Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreoperative anxiety negatively impacts surgical outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) vs non-immersive video distraction on preoperative anxiety, physiological stress, and heart rate in elective abdominal surgery.
methodsIn this three-arm randomized controlled trial (NCT05718661), 96 elective abdominal surgery patients were allocated to immersive VR, non-immersive video, or a control group (
resultsVAS-A scores worsened in controls (p < 0.001) but decreased significantly in both the VR (p < 0.001) and video (p = 0.002) groups, with no significant difference between the two active interventions (p > 0.05). Device-derived stress scores increased in controls (p = 0.018) and decreased in the video group (p = 0.017), with no change in the VR group (p = 0.568). Heart rate changes did not differ significantly among groups (p < 0.206).
conclusionsBoth immersive VR and non-immersive video distraction significantly reduce preoperative anxiety compared with standard care; however, VR is not superior to conventional video viewing. Given its equivalent efficacy, lower cost, and simpler implementation, non-immersive video represents a practical, scalable non-pharmacological strategy for perioperative anxiety management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42864468What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.