Flavivirus infections and diagnostic challenges for dengue, West Nile and Zika Viruses.

Ferralita S Madere, Aurea Virginia Andrade da Silva, Efemena Okeze, Emma Tilley, Andriyan Grinev, Krishnamurthy Konduru, Mayra García, Maria Rios

Abstract readReview

PubMed Publisher

In one paragraph

Review in Npj viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ferralita S MadereOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Aurea Virginia Andrade da SilvaOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Efemena OkezeOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Emma TilleyOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Andriyan GrinevOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Krishnamurthy KonduruOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Mayra GarcíaOffice of In Vitro Diagnostics, Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Mayra.Garcia@fda.hhs.gov.

Maria RiosOffice of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Maria.Rios@fda.hhs.gov.

Funding

Office of the Chief Scientist #FY24CBERCHALLMRXXXXXXU.S. Food and Drug Administration CBER4795-0000U.S. Food and Drug Administration GCBER009

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are members of the Flavivirus genus, which are primarily transmitted by mosquitos. These viruses result in infections that are predominantly (80-85%) asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations of DENV, WNV, and ZIKV range from mild, self-limiting illnesses, to severe life-threatening diseases for which no therapeutics are available. They have caused extensive outbreaks worldwide, resulting in approximately 400 million cases annually and posing a significant global health threat. Standard diagnostic methods for these viruses rely on nucleic acid test (NAT) and serological assays. However, these approaches have notable limitations. NAT is limited due to the short duration of viremia and low viral loads, which restricts the detection of viral RNA. Serological assays are hindered by antibody cross-reactivity among DENV, WNV, and ZIKV, leading to inaccurate differential results and misdiagnosis. This review provides an overview of DENV, WNV, and ZIKV while addressing ongoing challenges in the differential diagnosis of these viruses, highlighting advancements in technologies. In this review, we aim to increase awareness of the limitations of DENV, WNV, and ZIKV diagnostics. It is our hope that the culmination of these insights will help to facilitate the identification of areas in need of innovation and increased study, which can aid in the development of new approaches to mitigate the global impact of these viruses and improve health outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID42864392

DOI10.1038/s41586-018-0446-y

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.