SynthesisJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026
Impact of different protein sources on acute muscle protein synthesis following resistance training: a systematic review with standard and dose-response network meta-analyses.
Synthesis in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe combination of protein intake and resistance training (RT) plays a pivotal role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS), yet the impact of different protein sources remains an area of active investigation. Therefore, a systematic review incorporating standard and dose‒response network meta-analyses was performed.
methodsSystematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost (including MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL), and Scopus. Eligible studies included healthy adults (≥18 years) who were undergoing acute resistance exercise followed by a single protein bolus (any type or dose, except blends or enriched with anabolic agents). Muscle biopsies were required before and after RT/protein intake without additional food in between. Trials measuring hourly MPS rates via tracer techniques were included (
resultsIn the standard network meta-analysis (NMA), native whey (P-score = 0.81, MD = 0.05% [0.00; 0.10]), pea protein (0.77, MD = 0.05% [-0.02; 0.11]), whole egg protein (0.72, MD = 0.04% [-0.01; 0.09]), mycoprotein (0.66, MD = 0.03% [-0.02; 0.08]), and whey protein (0.58, MD = 0.02% [0.01; 0.04]) ranked highest for estimated efficacy in stimulating post-RT hourly MPS (in descending order) (only whey protein showed a statistically significant effect) with low to moderate certainty of evidence. Dose‒response NMA revealed that certain animal- (native whey and whole egg protein) and plant- (pea and mycoprotein) based protein sources to show the highest predicted MPS responses with doses of 18-25 g.
conclusionsAnimal- (native whey, whey, whole egg) and plant-based (pea, mycoprotein) proteins ranked similarly for estimated acute MPS stimulation when combined with RT; however, only whey protein showed a statistically significant effect, and protein sources represented by few studies should be interpreted with caution.
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