ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
In Vitro evaluation of cell-free supernatants from soil-derived Bacillus sp. for antibiofilm and antioxidant activities.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMethicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes serious infections, as bacterial biofilms play a significant role in recurrent or chronic infections. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are required to combat MRSA resistance.
methodsThis study tested the ability of a cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Bacillus sp. isolated from licorice roots to inhibit MRSA biofilms. The impact of Bacillus CFS on the expression of biofilm-associated genes was examined. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CFS were evaluated, as well as its cytotoxicity in vitro using human skin fibroblasts (HSF). Bacillus sp. was identified using 16 S rRNA sequence analysis and deposited in a local culture collection as Bacillus sp. CCASU-C91.
resultsThe results revealed Bacillus sp. susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics. GC-mass analysis of CFS revealed the presence of various compounds, including fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and sesquiterpenes. Additionally, CFS exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant and protein anti-denaturation activities in vitro, albeit at lower potency than reference standard. And inhibited the growth of MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 62.5 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL. In addition, time-kill curves showed that CFS at (2MIC) concentration could kill more than half of the MRSA strains within 4 h. In addition, CFS inhibited biofilm formation and reduced preformed biofilm biomass by more than 90%. Notably, Bacillus CFS decreased the expression of MRSA biofilm genes(icaA, icaD and ebps) at 0.5 MIC. Cytotoxicity assay revealed an IC50 value of 1029 ± 20.2 µg/mL for Bacillus CFS.
conclusionThese preliminary in vitro findings indicate that Bacillus CFS possesses anti-MRSA activity, supporting further investigation into its potential therapeutic applications.
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