Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42862429›Full record

ReviewMolecular biology reports2026

Trogocytosis: Emerging insights into cellular communication, immunity, and pathogenesis.

Helal F Hetta, Mahmoud El-Maghrabey, Tareq Nayef AlRamadneh, Salwa Qasim Bukhari, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Israa M S Al-Kadmy, Yasmin N Ramadan

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Helal F HettaDivision of microbiology, immunology and biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia. hhussen@ut.edu.sa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-7304
Mahmoud El-MaghrabeyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Tareq Nayef AlRamadnehFaculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-5521
Salwa Qasim BukhariDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Abdelazeem M AlgammalDepartment of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Israa M S Al-KadmyBranch of Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, POX 10244, Baghdad, Iraq.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-7338
Yasmin N RamadanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7374-9334

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trogocytosis is a unique intercellular process that can occur when two cells become in contact to each other and one cell "nibbles" portions of another cell's membrane and surface molecules. This phenomenon is widely observed among immune cells such as B cells, T cells, NK cells, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Through trogocytosis, molecules including major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), costimulatory receptors, and antigens are transferred, influencing cellular communication and immune regulation. While trogocytosis supports processes like antigen presentation, immune activation, and neural remodeling, it also contributes to pathological conditions, including tumor immune evasion, therapeutic resistance, and pathogen dissemination. This duality raises critical questions about its overall impact: is trogocytosis a friend or foe to the immune system? By comparing trogocytosis to phagocytosis, exploring molecular mechanisms, and examining its roles in health and disease, this review synthesizes current findings and highlights areas for future investigation. Understanding the precise mechanisms governing trogocytosis could pave the way for innovative therapies targeting infections, cancers, and autoimmune disorders.

Indexed as

Cell CommunicationTrogocytosisAnimalsAntigen PresentationAntigen-Presenting CellsB-LymphocytesHumansKiller Cells, NaturalMajor Histocompatibility ComplexNeoplasmsPhagocytosisT-LymphocytesAntigen presentationImmune regulationTrogocytosisTrogocytosis in diseaseTrogocytosis in health

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.