ArticlePediatric surgery international2026
Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided transumbilical three-port laparoscopic suprainguinal varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation for pediatric varicocele: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Pediatric surgery international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the technical feasibility and short-term perioperative and cosmetic outcomes of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence-guided transumbilical three-port laparoscopic suprainguinal varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation in pediatric patients, and to describe changes in testicular volume and testicular volume discrepancy (TVD) at 6 months after surgery.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients with varicocele who underwent surgical treatment at our institution between January 2023 and December 2024. All patients underwent ICG fluorescence-guided transumbilical three-port laparoscopic suprainguinal varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation. Perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications, cosmetic outcomes, and ultrasonographic testicular-volume measurements were analyzed. Paired preoperative and 6-month postoperative testicular-volume measurements were compared.
resultsAll 42 procedures were completed laparoscopically without conversion or intraoperative complications. The median operative time was 26 min, median estimated blood loss was 2 mL, and postoperative hospital stay was 1 day. Lymphatic vessels were visualized and preserved in all patients. During a median follow-up of 11 months, no hydrocele, recurrent varicocele, testicular atrophy, or Doppler-detected venous reflux was observed. At 3 months, the median Vancouver Scar Scale score was 1; 31 patients (73.8%) were very satisfied and 11 (26.2%) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. At 6 months, mean ipsilateral testicular volume increased from 9.45 to 10.84 mL, while mean TVD decreased from 14.92% to 7.65%.
conclusionICG fluorescence-guided transumbilical three-port laparoscopic suprainguinal varicocelectomy with testicular artery and lymphatic preservation was technically feasible in this retrospective cohort and was associated with favorable short-term perioperative and cosmetic outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42862399What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.