Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42862373›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026

Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a Danish cohort study.

Mathilde M Nørgaard, Mathilde L Hansen, Anne B Mørch, Sissel H Juhl, Michael H Linnet, Trine Jørgensen, Patricia O Chocano-Bedoya, Daniel B Ibsen, Anja Olsen, Christina C Dahm

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Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mathilde M NørgaardDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7855-1916
Mathilde L HansenDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Anne B MørchDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-681X
Sissel H JuhlDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Michael H LinnetDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Trine JørgensenDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Patricia O Chocano-BedoyaInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-3931
Daniel B IbsenDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7038-4770
Anja OlsenDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-503X
Christina C DahmDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-2893

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeType 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most burdensome chronic diseases. Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with greater risk of T2D, whereas plant-predominant and climate-friendly diets may be associated with lower risk of T2D. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR23) and risk of T2D in Danish middle-aged adults.

methodsThis cohort study used data from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. The study population was defined among participants with complete baseline data and no cancer at baseline, excluding those with T2D at baseline (n = 54,313). Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 192-items food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to NNR23 was measured using the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 Food-Based Diet Score (range 0-15 points). Incident cases of T2D were identified through linkage to the National Diabetes Register. The associations were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

resultsDuring a median follow-up time of 15.3 years, 7,143 participants developed T2D. Participants with moderate-high adherence (> 10-15 points) to NNR23 had a lower risk of T2D compared to those with low adherence (0-8 points) to NNR23 (HR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.57;0.70). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant non-linear inverse association between adherence to NNR23 and T2D (p-value < 0.001 for non-linearity).

conclusionGreater adherence to NNR23 was associated with lower risk of T2D, supporting the potential relevance of the NNR23 for T2D prevention.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietNutrition PolicyPatient ComplianceAdultCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCohort studyEpidemiologyNordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023Sustainable dietary patternsType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42862373

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.