ReviewPublic health challenges2026
Unpacking the Role of Financial Incentives in the Motivation and Individual Performance of Nurses in LMICs: A Scoping Review Protocol.
Review in Public health challenges, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to face persistent challenges related to health worker performance and quality of care, exacerbated by a global shortage of nurses. Financial incentive strategies (FIS), which include performance-based financing, bonuses and allowances, are extensively implemented as mechanisms to enhance the motivation and individual performance of health workers, including nurses. Nevertheless, the effects of these strategies exhibit considerable variability and are highly contingent upon specific contextual factors. Objective: We aim to synthesise evidence on how FIS are designed and implemented in LMICs to examine how nurse motivation and individual performance are defined and measured and to identify the underlying theoretical assumptions through which FIS may influence nurses' motivation and individual performance. Methods: We adopted the scoping review methodology following guidance from Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. The search will cover studies published from 2000 onwards in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO, with additional grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be charted using a standardised form. Findings will be synthesised through narrative analysis. Results: This review will provide a comprehensive overview of FIS in LMICs, including their design and implementation features, whilst focussing on the underlying mechanisms by which FIS interventions improve the motivation and performance of nurses in LMICs. Discussion: This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence in LMICs on FIS-targeting nurses, its aspects and their relationship with motivation and individual performance and explores the theoretical assumptions of this relationship. Conclusion: The findings are expected to address a significant evidence gap concerning nurse-specific workforce interventions in LMICs and to inform ongoing health policy reforms aimed at improving and sustaining motivation, retention and care delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.