ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2026
Prevalence and predictors of HIV/TB co-infection in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported TB disease and identify the demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with it among PWH in SSA Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys (2015-2019), including PWH aged ≥15 years from 13 countries in the SSA region. TB status was self-reported, and standardized questionnaires and biomarker data provided demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical covariates. Logistic regression models were applied using survey weights and jackknife variance estimation to identify predictors of HIV/TB co-infection. Results: Among 11,663 participants, 31.5% were people with TB. Co-infection prevalence varied widely by country, ranging from 7.5% in Cameroon to 59.5% in Eswatini, with the highest prevalence observed in Southern African countries. Predictors of increased TB risk include older age [Adjusted (aOR): 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; Conclusions: HIV/TB co-infection remains highly prevalent in SSA, shaped by demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Tailored HIV/TB interventions are urgently needed in SSA, prioritizing Southern and Eastern regions and high-risk groups through integrated, community-based, and male-friendly care. Strengthening health systems, improving diagnostics, and addressing social and structural barriers are critical for equitable, sustained progress.
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