Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42860434›Full record

ReviewNPJ vaccines2026

A staged clinical development and evidence-generation framework for Group A Streptococcus vaccines.

Alberto Cagigi, Annette Kraus, T Anh Wartel, Andrew Steer, Jonathan Carapetis, Alma Fulurija, Jerome H Kim

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alberto CagigiInternational Vaccine Institute, Europe Regional Office, Solna, Sweden. alberto.cagigi@ivi.int.
Annette KrausInternational Vaccine Institute, Europe Regional Office, Solna, Sweden.
T Anh WartelInternational Vaccine Institute, Europe Regional Office, Solna, Sweden.
Andrew SteerMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Jonathan CarapetisThe Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-9792
Alma Fulurija *The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Jerome H Kim *International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0461-6438

Funding

Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs UD2022/000123
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) causes substantial global morbidity and mortality, yet vaccine development faces scientific, regulatory, and strategic challenges. We propose a platform-agnostic, staged clinical development and evidence-generation framework aligning trial feasibility with public health priorities. Laboratory-confirmed symptomatic pharyngitis could provide a feasible pivotal efficacy endpoint for initial licensure, subject to regulatory agreement. Complementary efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation studies could then generate evidence across diverse populations and outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID42860434
PMCPMC13655178

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.