ArticleNature communications2026
Spontaneous formation of picoliter water bridges.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Picoliter water, ubiquitous at the microscale and predominantly confined between solids, underpins critical physical, chemical, and biological processes. Although vapor diffusion governs water evaporation in air, and capillarity inhibits evaporation at the nanoscale, neither mechanism fully accounts for the stability of picoliter water at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate that adsorption at solid interfaces can substantially inhibit evaporation, stabilizing picoliter water bridges beyond predictions from capillarity alone. Employing high-resolution X-ray imaging, we directly visualize the evolving geometry of picoliter water during evaporation and develop a physical model that disentangles the roles of capillarity and adsorption. Our results reveal that adsorption-driven inhibition is essential for maintaining water at the microscale, establishing a new framework for understanding and controlling water retention in natural and engineered systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.