ArticleCureus2026
Profile of Invasive Fungal Infections in a Paediatric Haemato-Oncology Unit: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in South India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in paediatric haemato-oncology (PHO) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy in high-risk children must be informed by local epidemiological, species-level and antifungal-susceptibility data, yet contemporary Indian paediatric cohort data remain limited.
objectiveTo describe the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic and outcome profile of probable and proven IFI in a tertiary care South Indian PHO unit over five years, and to benchmark the findings against contemporary international literature.
methodsRetrospective observational cohort study of children aged ≤18 years admitted with probable or proven IFI (EORTC/MSGERC 2020 criteria) between January 2019 and December 2024. Baseline demographics, underlying disease, neutropenia profile, clinical presentation, mycological workup (cultures with CLSI M27 susceptibility testing, serum galactomannan (GM), beta-D-glucan and bronchoalveolar lavage), imaging, antifungal prophylaxis and therapy, central venous access device (CVAD) management and infection-episode outcomes were extracted and analysed descriptively.
resultsAmong 580 febrile PHO admissions, 33 episodes of probable/proven IFI occurred in 23 patients (overall incidence 5.8%). Median age was 8.5 years (range 1.5-17); 12/23 (52.2%) were male. Haemato-lymphoid malignancy was the underlying diagnosis in 17/23 (73.9%); two children had inborn errors of immunity (autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, n = 1; hyper-IgM syndrome, n = 1). Three patients (13.0%) were haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Neutropenia (ANC < 1500 cells/mm³) was present in 19/23 (82.6%), and profound neutropenia (ANC < 100 cells/mm³) in 7/23 (30%) at IFI onset. Ten patients (43.5%) had a breakthrough infection on prophylaxis.
conclusionIn this contemporary South Indian PHO cohort, IFI incidence was 5.8% with a
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