Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42859660›Full record

ArticleJournal of hip preservation surgery2026

Patient-facing materials for hip and knee preservation surgery are written well above recommended reading level.

Brendan Gleason, Clark Chen, Keenan Sobol, Julien Aoyama, Gregory Schneider, S Ali Ghasemi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of hip preservation surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Brendan GleasonJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1658-1291
Clark ChenJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.
Keenan SobolJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.
Julien AoyamaJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.
Gregory SchneiderJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.
S Ali GhasemiJefferson Einstein Philadelphia Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hip and knee preservation have rapidly expanded over the past decade. As technology and surgeon familiarity have increased, patient interest in this field has also grown. Health literacy data demonstrates that up to 43% of US adults have basic or below-basic reading skills. Federal and medical agencies recommend patient facing materials (PFMs) be written no higher than a sixth to eighth grade level. We identified PFMs pertaining to hip and knee preservation surgery from top orthopaedic institutions, as ranked by the 2025 US News & World Report. PFMs were assessed using validated readability formulas. We then used Spearman rank correlation to examine the association between the hospital's ranking and the readability of its PFMs. A multivariate analysis was also conducted to explore whether institutional characteristics had any significant relationship with readability scores. PFMs for hip and knee preservation surgery provided by highly ranked orthopaedic institutions were commonly written well above the recommended sixth to eighth grade reading level. There was no significant statistical relationship between institutional characteristics and readability. PFMs for hip and knee preservation surgery are widely available but are written at a much higher reading level than is recommended. To increase accessibility, enhance healthcare literacy, and improve patient outcomes, institutions should simplify these materials to meet recommended readability standards. The gap between the reading level of available materials and the literacy of the target patient population may hinder patient comprehension, engagement, and informed consent, potentially impacting healthcare outcomes.

Indexed as

educationhipjoint preservationkneereadability

Identifiers

PMID42859660
PMCPMC13653057

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.