ReviewReviews in cardiovascular medicine2026
Biomarkers and Risk Prediction in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents a complex interplay among cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic disorders; meanwhile, CKM syndrome affects a significant proportion of adults and increases the risk of heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and premature death. This review examines traditional and emerging biomarkers in CKM syndrome, focusing on the clinical utility and predictive value of these markers for disease progression and outcomes. Traditional markers include cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Meanwhile, emerging biomarkers include novel lipid biomarkers, epigenetic and microRNA markers, and metabolic and inflammatory markers. Composite tools integrating traditional and emerging biomarkers have shown promise for improving risk stratification and clinical decision-making. Moreover, the Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) Events (PREVENT) and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic 2-Stage 2-Biomarker Assessment Group (CKM
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