ArticleMaedica2026
Assessment of P1NP and β-CTX in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Case-Control Study from North India.
Article in Maedica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased skeletal fragility despite normal or elevated bone mineral density (BMD), suggesting impaired bone quality and remodeling. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), including procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), reflect bone formation and resorption, respectively. This study evaluated serum P1NP and β-CTX concentrations in patients with T2DM from North India and their associations with clinical and biochemical parameters. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study included 80 patients with T2DM and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices, lipid profile, serum calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, BMD and serum BTMs were assessed. Results: Patients with T2DM had significantly higher body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c and adverse lipid profiles than controls (all p<0.05). Serum β-CTX (0.735±0.302 vs. 0.356±0.171 pg/mL; p<0.001) and P1NP (33.11±16.49 vs. 26.39±10.92 ng/mL; p=0.033) were elevated in T2DM. Vitamin D levels were lower and osteoporosis was present in 76.3% of patients. β-CTX showed a weak inverse correlation with age (r=-0.233, p=0.038) and age remained its only independent predictor. Conclusions: Patients with T2DM exhibited increased bone turnover with predominant bone resorption, supporting the clinical utility of BTMs beyond BMD assessment.
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