Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42859163›Full record

ReviewExperimental hematology & oncology2026

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the tumor immune microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Luoman Gan, Zhonglong Liu, Liren Cao, Xiaoyan Meng, Xuanhao Liu, Xu Wang, Yue He

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental hematology & oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Luoman Gan *Department of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
Zhonglong Liu *Department of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
Liren Cao *Department of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
Xiaoyan Meng *Department of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
Xuanhao LiuDepartment of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
Xu WangDepartment of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. wangx312016@sh9hospital.org.cn.
Yue HeDepartment of oral maxillofacial & head neck oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, No.639 ZhiZaoJu Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. william5218@126.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-7767

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 82573543Original Exploration Project of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine No. JYYC012Shanghai Hospital Development Center SHDC2023CRT009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has reshaped the therapeutic landscape of solid tumors. However, durable clinical benefit remains limited to a subset of patients because of primary or acquired resistance. Beyond tumor-intrinsic factors, the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in shaping responsiveness to immunotherapy. As a major stromal component, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to immune suppression through dynamic metabolic reprogramming and modulate the spatial organization and functional state of immune cells. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics, spatial omics, and metabolomic profiling have provided new insights into the metabolic heterogeneity of CAF subsets and their interactions with immune cells. Metabolic reprogramming not only sustains CAF activation but also remodels the local immune environment through nutrient competition, metabolite accumulation, and coordination with extracellular matrix remodeling. These processes reinforce immunosuppression within the TME and contribute to resistance to ICB. This review integrates emerging multi-omics insights into CAF metabolic heterogeneity, summarizes how metabolic reprogramming shapes tumor immunity, and discusses therapeutic strategies targeting CAF metabolism to enhance immunotherapy efficacy, together with the major challenges facing clinical translation.

Indexed as

Cancer-associated fibroblastsImmune resistanceImmunotherapyMetabolic reprogrammingTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID42859163
PMCPMC13654220

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.