ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Echocardiographic characteristics and evidence of ventricular remodeling in subclinical insulin-dysregulated Warmblood horses.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn humans, systemic hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy are common sequelae of metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes warranting investigation in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID). HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo compare echocardiographic variables, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), and adipokines between Warmblood (WB) horses with and without ID. ANIMALS: Nineteen client-owned WB horses, 5-15 years of age, presenting for elective procedures were included. Horses had no history of metabolic disease, ID, laminitis, renal or cardiac disease.
methodsBlinded cross-sectional study. Horses were divided into 2 groups ID and non-ID based on an oral sugar test (T0 insulin ≥20 μIU/mL or T60 or T90 ≥ 30 μIU/mL). Each horse underwent the following: Physical examination, body condition score, body weight, cresty neck score, and measurement of serum leptin, total, and high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations, NIBP, lateromedial radiographs, retroperitoneal fat measurement, short axis M mode echocardiographic evaluation, and 2D speckle tracking (2DST).
resultsEight horses were categorized as ID, 11 as non-ID. Evidence of LV remodeling was identified in ID horses (P < .05) with greater measurements of LV internal diameter at end diastole (ID 11.77 cm [11.2-12.3]; non-ID 11.10 [10.54-11.85]), interventricular septum at end diastole (ID 3.10 cm [2.81-3.39]; non-ID 2.46 [2.22-2.71]) and end systole (ID 5.18 cm [4.81-5.56]; non-ID 4.29 [4.06-4.51]). 2DST measures were significantly lower in the ID group (P < 0.05). Hypertension was identified in 2 horses, 1 from each group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Horses with mild ID have evidence of LV remodeling supportive of hypertrophy. Cardiovascular changes might be included in the overarching definition of ID.
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