ArticleVeterinary research communications2026
Development and evaluation of recombinant epsilon antigen based indirect-ELISA for sero-monitoring of enterotoxaemia specific antibodies in small ruminants.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx) is a major exotoxin secreted by Clostridium perfringens that causes Enterotoxaemia (ET) in small ruminants leading to 'sudden death' and is known to induce protective antibodies. This study describes an indirect-ELISA based on recombinant quadruple-point Etx-mutant protein (~ 36 kDa), a well-defined and non-toxic antigen to detect epsilon specific antibodies in sheep and goat sera samples. The assay was evaluated for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, along with cross-reactivity, as well as compared with a commercial ELISA kit. Furthermore, rEtx-iELISA was used to assess antibody titers in randomly collected sheep (n = 584) and goat (n = 555) serum samples from different regions of Odisha, an ET endemic state in India. The rEtx mutant protein (125 ng/well) based indirect ELISA platform demonstrated the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997, diagnostic sensitivity (DSn) of 98.7%, and diagnostic specificity (DSp) of 96.2% using a pre-established test serum panel with 95% CI of 93.2-99.2% (p < 0.0001) against an optimal cut-off criterion of 10.42 PP. A comparison of the assay with a commercial kit yielded a kappa value of 0.912. A higher (> 95%) degree of sero-positivity with an average protective flock immunity of > 56% (≥0.15 IU/mL) was noted in sheep and goat populations of Odisha state. The study indicated the potential diagnostic utility of recombinant Etx-mutant antigen based indirect-ELISA for sero-monitoring of ET-specific antibodies in small ruminants.
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