Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42857963›Full record

SynthesisMedical education online2026

Entrustable professional activities in medical education: strategies and results - a systematic review.

Nuno Fernandes, Clarinda Neves, Helena Donato, José Miguel Pêgo, João Carlos Ribeiro

Abstract readSystematic ReviewReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medical education online, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nuno FernandesFaculdade de Medicina, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-9874-7433
Clarinda NevesInternal Medicine Department - Centro Hospitalar Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-0501-0932
Helena DonatoUnidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra. Serviço de Documentação e Informação Científica, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1905-1268
José Miguel PêgoLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-9497-6543
João Carlos RibeiroFaculdade de Medicina, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1039-6358

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMedical education has been marked in the last decades by the introduction of Competence-Based Medical Education (CBME). Despite its clear objectives, CBME has faced significant challenges and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have been conceptualised as an answer to some of those challenges. AIMS/PURPOSES: This systematic review aimed primarily to summarise the evidence published on the strategies used for the development, implementation, and assessment of EPAs and their results. Secondarily this review also aimed to characterise the body of evidence produced on EPAs, assess its quality, and explore its limitations and future research paths.

methodsSystematic searches were conducted in six electronic databases in July 2021 and updated in March 2025. The data extracted included the quality assessment of the studies considered using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs (QATSDD).

resultsFour hundred and seventy-eight studies were included for data extraction and posterior analysis, most of which referred to Postgraduate programmes (59.6%,

conclusionsThis broad systematic review highlights the increasing adoption of EPAs, showcasing the diversity of contexts and strategies for the development, implementation, and assessment of EPAs. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, namely concerning study quality, warranting further research.

Indexed as

Clinical CompetenceCompetency-Based EducationEducation, MedicalHumansaccess and evaluationcompetence-based medical educationEntrustable professional activitieshealth care qualitymedical educationsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID42857963
PMCPMC13656657

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.