ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2026
Caregiver-Reported Behavioral Changes After Donepezil Transdermal Patch Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease: An Exploratory Real-World Network Analysis.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: To characterize caregiver-reported behavioral changes after donepezil transdermal patch therapy and to examine the descriptive connectivity of co-occurring improvements in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients and Methods: This retrospective, single-center observational study included 26 patients meeting the 2011 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria for probable AD dementia. Approximately 2-4 months after patch initiation, caregivers rated nine behavioral domains using routine, non-validated single-item change assessments as improved, unchanged, or worsened relative to the pre-treatment state. A descriptive co-improvement network was used solely to summarize pairwise co-occurrence of binary improvement indicators using phi-coefficients and observed strength centrality. Because of the small sample and sparse binary events, all network measures were treated as sample-specific descriptive quantities rather than inferential estimates. Results: The most frequently improved domains were smiling/positive affect (12/26, 46.2%), calmness (9/26, 34.6%), and night-time sleep (8/26, 30.8%). Calmness had the highest observed strength centrality (2.467), followed by grooming behavior (2.059), hobbies/interests (2.009), and housework/instrumental activities of daily living (1.938). Calmness remained the highest-strength node in all 26 leave-one-participant-out sensitivity analyses. No treatment discontinuations or serious adverse events were documented. Conclusion: Caregiver-perceived calmness, assessed as a single non-validated change item, was the most highly connected domain in this small descriptive co-improvement network. The findings are exploratory and do not establish treatment efficacy, a validated agitation-related outcome, temporal direction, or mechanism. Prospective studies using standardized behavioral measures are needed.
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