ArticleJCPP advances2026
Establishing a transdiagnostic dimension of early childhood depressive symptoms using the Preschool Feelings Checklist-Scale.
Article in JCPP advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Young child depressive symptoms are associated with various concurrent and future psychiatric problems, indicating early transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology. We now need studies that identify and test the robustness, reliability, and validity of early emerging depressive symptom dimensions, examining them relative to wide-ranging forms of psychopathology. Psychometric methods are suitable for such investigations. Methods: In a sample of 547 young children (ages 3-7 years) enriched for internalizing problems, preregistered analyses on the psychometric properties of the Preschool Feelings Checklist-Scale (PFC-S) investigated the robustness and interpretation of young child depressive symptom dimensions using exploratory structural equation models (ESEMs) and correlations alongside related constructs. We also tested the accuracy with which the PFC-S distinguished children based on broadband psychiatric diagnostic profiles and clinical concern. Results: A bifactor ESEM with three group factors (Social and Behavioral Anhedonia, Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation, and Excessive Guilt and Sadness) and residual correlations accounting for item wording similarities was the most valid PFC-S model (comparative fit index/Tucker-Lewis index = 0.98; root mean squared error of approximation = 0.06; standardized root mean squared residual = 0.03). Only the general factor emerged as reliable ( Conclusion: Findings support a PFC-S general factor characterized by reward and executive dysfunction with both depression-specific and transdiagnostic psychopathology risk relevance in young children.
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