ArticleVeterinary world2026
Molecular prevalence and diagnostic gene targets of Anaplasma, Babesia, Theileria, and Trypanosoma in cattle and buffaloes across Southeast Asia (2015-2025): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Hemoparasitic infections caused by Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched for studies published between 2015 and December 31, 2025. Cross-sectional studies conducted in Southeast Asia that used PCR-based methods and reported extractable prevalence data were included. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and the I² statistic, whereas meta-regression was performed to evaluate the influence of geographical region (mainland versus maritime Southeast Asia) and host species. Publication bias was assessed for Results: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies involving 5,789 cattle and 901 buffaloes met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%-38%) for Conclusion: Major bovine hemoparasites remain widely distributed across Southeast Asia, highlighting the need for strengthened molecular surveillance and standardized diagnostic approaches. This study provides the first comprehensive regional synthesis of PCR-confirmed prevalence and molecular diagnostic targets for major hemoparasites in cattle and buffaloes, offering valuable evidence to support veterinary diagnostics, surveillance programs, and disease control strategies based on a One Health approach.
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