ArticleVeterinary world2026
Therapeutic efficacy and dermal safety of topical clove essential oil spray against bacterial, yeast, and fungal skin infections in rat models: A pilot non-inferiority study.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious dermatitis caused by bacterial, yeast, and fungal pathogens is an important veterinary concern, while antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects associated with conventional therapies highlight the need for safe topical alternatives. Clove essential oil exhibits broad antimicrobial activity; however, controlled evidence of its therapeutic efficacy against multiple cutaneous pathogens remains limited. This pilot study evaluated the non-inferiority and dermal safety of a topical clove essential oil spray compared with standard treatments in rat models of pyoderma, Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar Hannover rats were allocated among experimental skin infection models induced with Results: By day 10, clove essential oil spray was non-inferior to the standard treatments in all three infection models. CIS reductions for clove essential oil versus standard treatment were 59.03% versus 64.58% for Conclusion: Topical 2.5% w/v clove essential oil spray demonstrated non-inferior therapeutic efficacy by day 10 and excellent dermal tolerability across bacterial, yeast, and fungal experimental skin infections. These proof-of-concept findings support further dose-optimization and randomized clinical studies in naturally infected companion animals.
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